What is a koan? A koan is a riddle, paradox, or short story used in the Zen tradition. Provoke deep reflection and break through habitual patterns of rational thought. Koans often appear to have no logical solution. They are designed to lead the practitioner to a direct experience of reality or a state of awareness beyond dualistic thinking. They are used as tools for meditation and spiritual practice, aimed at helping practitioners reach a deeper understanding of their true nature and of reality.